A series of fires has demonstrated the importance of fireproof design for stage lighting. So, how can fireproof design for stage lighting pass fire safety inspections and be deemed qualified? The fire resistance of stage building components and materials must comply with national or industry standards. Stage curtains must be flame-retardant. According to China's regulations, the flammability of building decoration materials is divided into four levels.

Among them, Class A indicates non-combustibility, while Class B1 indicates flame retardancy. In the past, stage curtains were mostly Class B3, which means combustible. Generally, fires that occur when stage lighting equipment burns the stage curtains are all Class B3, combustible. According to the "Code for Fire Prevention in Design of Interior Decoration of Buildings," the curtains (veils) used in cinemas, halls, auditoriums, theaters, concert halls, and stadiums must have a combustion performance not lower than Class B1, meaning they should be flame-retardant fabrics. Therefore, when inspecting and accepting the combustion performance of curtains in these places, it is crucial to pay close attention to whether these curtains are flame-retardant fabrics and whether they have a certificate of inspection issued by the fire department.

The "Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings" in China stipulates: "When there are combustible materials inside the attic, the distribution lines should be protected by being enclosed in metal tubes." "When high-temperature parts of the lighting fixture surface are close to combustible materials, fire protection measures such as heat insulation and heat dissipation should be taken. The lead-in wires of ceiling lights, slot lights, and recessed lights for halogen tungsten lamps and incandescent bulbs with a rated power of 100W and above should be protected by non-combustible materials such as magnetic tubes, asbestos, and glass wool for heat insulation." "Incandescent lamps, halogen tungsten lamps, and fluorescent high-pressure mercury lamps (including ballasts) exceeding 60W should not be directly installed on combustible decorations or combustible components.". ”

The power distribution lines on the stage should be "protected by being run through metal tubes". Moreover, the diameter of such metal tubes should allow for some slack, and grounding measures should be taken. The burrs on the tube ends and collars should be removed to prevent scratching the insulation during wire insertion, which could lead to electric leakage, short circuit, and fire. Those engaged in electrical installation work should be professionals with qualifications recognized by relevant departments. The design of spotlights and overhead lights on the stage should not be vertically aligned with the curtain, but should be staggered with it. Otherwise, in case of a bulb explosion generating sparks, it could potentially cause a fire.

Special attention should also be paid to the distance between the light bulb and the screen. According to experiments, the surface temperature of a 100W incandescent light bulb in working condition can reach 200~300℃, while that of a 1000W incandescent light bulb can reach 300~500℃; the surface temperature of a 1000W halogen tungsten lamp can reach 700~800℃. When a flammable screen is close to the lighting fixture, it usually takes only 20~30 minutes to catch fire. Therefore, a safe distance of at least 50~100cm should be maintained between the lighting fixture and the flammable screen.

The ballast of the fluorescent lamp is protected by a fuse. When installing, the bottom of the ballast should be placed upward and flat, rather than vertically, to prevent the insulating oil from overflowing and catching fire when the ballast heats up. On a carpeted stage, do not directly install power cords, switches, and electrical outlets, nor should you place light adjusters, lighting consoles, etc. directly on the carpet or wooden floor. The carpet and wooden boards laid on the stage should be flame-retardant. If it is necessary to lay power cords under the wooden floor and carpet, metal conduits should be used for wiring, and the junction boxes should also be metal and secured with clips and screws, without putting pressure or strain on the wire conduits.

When installing telephones, electric bells, and electric clocks on the stage, weak-voltage wires must be separated from strong-current power lines. Broadcast lines must be separated from light lines. Quartz electric clocks, quartz electric bells, and battery-powered intercom phones should be used to reduce the risk of fire. Lighting equipment products for the stage must be nationally recognized, comply with national standards or industry standards, and meet relevant national fire safety technical regulations.

No matter how excellent the stage lighting design is, it must be complemented by a good stage fire protection design, such as fire hydrants, automatic sprinkler systems, automatic fire alarm systems, emergency broadcast systems, emergency lighting systems, smoke exhaust systems, etc. Ensuring the fire protection design and specific construction work for stage lighting is responsible for the safety of the audience and cast members, and it must not be taken lightly